3. Marketing and Selling Expenses
Marketing and selling expenses were €3,461 million (previous year: €3,250 million). The item includes expenditure on advertising, retail (point of sale) marketing, and similar items amounting to €2,257 million (previous year: €2,076 million).
POS – Point of Sale
Location of purchase (from the consumer's perspective) or location of sale (from the merchant's perspective).