3. Marketing and Selling Expenses
Marketing and selling expenses were €3,250 million (previous year: €2,998 million). The item includes expenditure on advertising, retail (point of sale) marketing, and similar items amounting to €2,076 million (previous year: €1,883 million).
POS – Point of Sale
Location of purchase (from the consumer's perspective) or location of sale (from the merchant's perspective).